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Sources of Hydrocarbons | Class 9 | Notes, Video, MCQs | SM-Educate

Sources of Hydrocarbons | Class 9 | Notes, Video, MCQs | SM-Educate
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CS-991 · Module O-94

Sources of Hydrocarbons

Class IX · Organic Basics
▶Sources and Uses of Hydrocarbons▶Natural Gas, LPG and CNG Explained▶Crude Oil and Fractional Distillation
Click any video to watch on YouTube (opens in new tab)

⛽ What are Sources of Hydrocarbons?

Hydrocarbons are obtained from natural sources. The main sources are:

  • Natural Gas (Methane, ethane, propane, butane)
  • Petroleum / Crude Oil (Mixture of hydrocarbons)
  • Coal (Coal tar and coal gas contain hydrocarbons)

🔥 Natural Gas, LPG & CNG

Natural Gas is a fossil fuel found deep underground. It mainly contains Methane (CH₄) along with other hydrocarbons, and is used for cooking, heating, and electricity generation.

LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) is a mixture of propane (C₃H₈) and butane (C₄H₁₀), stored as a liquid under pressure and used as cooking fuel and in vehicles.

CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) is natural gas compressed to less than 1% of its volume. It mainly contains methane and is used as a clean fuel for vehicles.

🕊 Crude Oil & Fractional Distillation

Crude oil (petroleum) is a thick, black liquid found underground — a mixture of many hydrocarbons. Fractional distillation separates crude oil into different fractions based on their boiling points.

FractionUses
Petroleum Gas (LPG)Cooking fuel, vehicles
Petrol (Gasoline)Fuel for cars
KeroseneJet fuel, household lamps
DieselFuel for trucks, buses, tractors
Lubricating OilLubricants for engines
BitumenRoad construction, roofing

💡 Quick Facts

  • LPG = Liquefied Petroleum Gas (Propane + Butane)
  • CNG = Compressed Natural Gas (Mainly Methane)
  • Fractional Distillation = Separates crude oil into useful products

🛠️ Uses of Hydrocarbons

  • Fuels: Petrol, diesel, LPG, CNG, kerosene
  • Plastics: Polyethene, PVC, polystyrene
  • Medicines: Many drugs are derived from petroleum
  • Fertilizers: Ammonia and urea production
  • Detergents: Cleaning products
  • Synthetic fibers: Polyester, nylon

📝 Practice MCQs

Q1: The main component of natural gas is?
a) Ethane b) Methane c) Propane d) Butane
Show Answer
✅ b) Methane
Q2: LPG is a mixture of which gases?
a) Methane and Ethane b) Propane and Butane c) Ethene and Propene d) All of these
Show Answer
✅ b) Propane and Butane
Q3: CNG stands for?
a) Compressed Natural Gas b) Common Natural Gas c) Carbon Natural Gas d) Clean Natural Gas
Show Answer
✅ a) Compressed Natural Gas
Q4: Crude oil is separated into different fractions by?
a) Filtration b) Fractional distillation c) Evaporation d) Crystallization
Show Answer
✅ b) Fractional distillation
Q5: Which is used as fuel for cars?
a) Kerosene b) Diesel c) Petrol d) Lubricating oil
Show Answer
✅ c) Petrol
Q6: The process of separating crude oil is called?
a) Filtration b) Distillation c) Fractional distillation d) Crystallization
Show Answer
✅ c) Fractional distillation
Q7: Which is used in road construction?
a) Petrol b) Diesel c) Bitumen d) Kerosene
Show Answer
✅ c) Bitumen
Q8: The main source of hydrocarbons is?
a) Water b) Air c) Petroleum d) Soil
Show Answer
✅ c) Petroleum
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