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Organic Formulas | Class 10 | Notes, Video, MCQs | SM-Educate

Organic Formulas | Class 10 | Notes, MCQs | SM-Educate
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CS-991 · Module O-X3

Organic Formulas

Class X · Organic Chemistry
▶ Molecular Formula vs Structural Formula ▶ Empirical Formula in Organic Chemistry ▶ How to Write Organic Formulas
Click any video to watch on YouTube (opens in new tab)

📑 Types of Formulas

Organic compounds can be represented in several ways, each showing a different level of detail.

  • Molecular Formula: Shows the actual number of each type of atom in one molecule (e.g. C₄H₁₀ for butane).
  • Structural Formula: Shows how atoms are bonded and arranged (e.g. CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-CH₃ for n-butane).
  • Empirical Formula: Shows the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms (e.g. CH₂ is the empirical formula of both ethene and propene).
  • General Formula: Represents an entire homologous series using "n" (e.g. CnH2n+2 for alkanes).

📊 Worked Comparison

CompoundMolecular FormulaEmpirical Formula
EtheneC₂H₄CH₂
ButaneC₄H₁₀C₂H₅
GlucoseC₆H₁₂O₆CH₂O

📝 Practice MCQs

Q1: The empirical formula of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) is:
a) C₆H₁₂O₆ b) CH₂O c) C₂H₄O₂ d) CHO
Show Answer
✅ b) CH₂O
Q2: Which formula shows the actual bonding arrangement of atoms?
a) Molecular b) Empirical c) Structural d) General
Show Answer
✅ c) Structural
Q3: The general formula for alkanes is:
a) CnH2n b) CnH2n+2 c) CnH2n-2 d) CnHn
Show Answer
✅ b) CₙH₂ₙ₊₂
Q4: Which pair of compounds share the same empirical formula?
a) Methane & Ethane b) Ethene & Propene c) Ethanol & Methanol d) Benzene & Toluene
Show Answer
✅ b) Ethene & Propene (both CH₂)
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